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Science
Grade 9-12
Answer Key
Cell Biology
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, identify organelles, and explain cell processes.
Answer Key
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Cell Biology
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, identify organelles, and explain cell processes.
Science - Grade 9-12
Instructions: Answer all questions in complete sentences. For comparison questions, use a clear structure.
- 1
What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus that contains their DNA; prokaryotic cells do not. - 2
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP (energy) for the cell?
The mitochondria - 3
Describe the function of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable: it controls what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis. - 4
Compare the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough ER (with ribosomes) synthesizes proteins; smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals. - 5
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Does water move into or out of the cell? What happens to the cell?
Water will move out of the cell. This process is called osmosis: water moves from an area of lower solute concentration inside the cell to the higher solute concentration outside, causing the cell to shrink. - 6
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations. - 7
Why do plant cells have cell walls but animal cells do not?
Plant cells need rigid cell walls for structural support and to withstand osmotic pressure; animal cells rely on the skeleton and do not require this rigidity. - 8
Describe cellular respiration in one to two sentences.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
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