Math Word Problem Strategies Cheat Sheet

Key Facts

• Use the plan $\text{Read} \rightarrow \text{Underline} \rightarrow \text{Choose} \rightarrow \text{Solve} \rightarrow \text{Check}$ for most word problems.
• Define the unknown with a variable, such as $x = \text{number of tickets}$, before writing an equation.
• Translate addition situations with $\text{total} = \text{part}_1 + \text{part}_2$.
• Translate subtraction comparison situations with $\text{difference} = \text{larger amount} - \text{smaller amount}$.
• Translate multiplication groups with $\text{total} = \text{number of groups} \times \text{amount per group}$.
• Translate division situations with $\text{amount per group} = \frac{\text{total}}{\text{number of groups}}$.
• Use the percent relationship $\text{part} = \frac{p}{100} \times \text{whole}$ when $p$ is a percent.
• Check answers by substituting the result back into the equation, such as $3x + 5 = 20$ with $x = 5$ gives $3(5) + 5 = 20$.

Vocabulary

Variable

A letter or symbol, such as $x$, that represents an unknown number or quantity.

Equation

A mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal, such as $2x + 3 = 11$.

Operation

A math action such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or exponentiation.

Estimate

A reasonable approximate answer used to predict or check whether an exact answer makes sense.

Unit

A label that tells what a number measures, such as $\text{meters}$, $\text{dollars}$, or $\text{minutes}$.

Constraint

A condition or limit in a problem, such as $x \geq 0$ or a maximum budget of \50$.