Plant Growth Variables Lab

Adjust sunlight, water, soil type, and temperature to see how each affects how tall your plant grows after 30 days. Change one variable at a time to run a fair test.

Guided Experiment: Sunlight Investigation

How does the amount of sunlight affect plant height after 30 days? Write a prediction: 'I think a plant with more sunlight will grow... because...'

Write your hypothesis in the Lab Report panel, then click Next.

Controls

h/day
mL/day
°C
days

Plant on Day 30

24.0cm
Sunlight: 6 h/dayWater: 100 mL/daySoil: LoamTemp: 20 °C

Growth Summary

Height at Day 3024.0 cm
Daily growth rate0.80 cm/day
Soil bonus100%

Data Table

(0 rows)
#Sunlight(h/day)Water(mL/day)Soil TypeTemp(°C)DayHeight(cm)
0 / 500
0 / 500
0 / 500

Reference Guide

What Plants Need to Grow

Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, but they need the right ingredients. Too little of one resource limits growth even if all others are perfect.

Sunlight. Powers photosynthesis. 4-8 hours per day is ideal for most plants.
Water. Carries nutrients to cells. 50-150 mL/day is a healthy range.
Soil. Holds nutrients and supports roots. Potting mix has the most nutrients.
Temperature. 15-25°C allows enzymes to work at full speed.

How Plants Make Food

Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose (sugar). This process is called photosynthesis and it takes place in the green leaves.

Light + water + CO2 -> glucose + oxygen

Without enough sunlight the plant cannot make enough glucose to fuel growth. Too much direct sunlight can overheat the leaf and damage the cells, which is why the optimal range is not "as much as possible."

Running a Fair Test

A controlled experiment changes only one variable at a time. All other variables are kept the same. This lets you say for certain that any difference in height was caused by the one variable you changed.

Independent variable. The one you change (e.g., sunlight).
Dependent variable. The one you measure (plant height).
Controlled variables. Everything else held constant.

If you change both sunlight and water at the same time, you cannot tell which one caused the height difference.

Why Soil Type Matters

Different soils have different mixtures of particle sizes and nutrients. The particle size affects how well the soil holds water and air, both of which plant roots need.

Sandy soil. Large grains, drains fast, low nutrients.
Clay soil. Small grains, holds water well but can compact.
Loam. Balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay. Good drainage and nutrients.
Potting mix. Enriched with compost, ideal water retention and nutrition.