Statistics Topic

Statistics and Probability

Analyze data, quantify uncertainty, and draw conclusions from evidence. From basic probability rules to hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.

Learning Path

1 Study

Normal Distribution Poster

Visual guide to the normal distribution, Z-scores, the 68-95-99.7 rule, and how to find probabilities using the standard bell curve.

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2 Calculate

Probability Distributions Explorer

Explore normal, binomial, Poisson, and uniform distributions. Visualize PDF and CDF plots, compute probabilities with draggable bounds, and find inverse values.

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3 Experiment

Hypothesis Testing Lab

Set up a one-sample z-test with population mean, sample mean, standard deviation, and sample size. Compute the z-statistic, p-value, and decision to reject or fail to reject.

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4 Reference

Core Formulas

  • Z-score: z = (x - mu) / sigma
  • 68% within 1 sigma, 95% within 2 sigma
  • P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
  • Confidence interval: x-bar +/- z*(sigma/sqrt(n))
  • p-value: probability of data given H0 is true

More Resources

Normal Distribution and Z-Score Explorer

Interactive bell curve with shaded probability regions. Convert between raw scores and Z-scores with numerical integration and probability display.

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Bootstrap and Confidence Interval Lab

Draw bootstrap resamples to build confidence intervals. Run coverage simulations to verify that 95% CIs capture the true parameter 95% of the time.

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Monte Carlo Simulation Lab

Estimate pi with dart-throwing, solve the birthday problem, drop Buffon's needle, and trace random walks. Watch convergence plots approach true values over thousands of trials.

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