Physical Education: Sports Science: How the Body Performs Worksheet

Question 1

A sprinter explodes out of the blocks and runs a 100-meter dash in about 12 seconds. Which energy system provides most of the energy at the start of the race, and why?

Accepted Answer

The ATP-PC system provides most of the energy at the start of the race because it can produce energy very quickly for short, powerful efforts without needing oxygen.

Question 2

During a 30-minute steady jog, which energy system is used the most, and what role does oxygen play?

Accepted Answer

The aerobic energy system is used the most during a 30-minute steady jog. Oxygen helps the body break down carbohydrates and fats to produce energy for a longer period of time.

Question 3

A basketball player performs repeated fast breaks throughout a game. Explain why both anaerobic and aerobic fitness are important for this athlete.

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic fitness is important because fast breaks require short bursts of speed and power. Aerobic fitness is also important because it helps the athlete recover between bursts and maintain performance throughout the game.

Question 4

A student has a resting heart rate of 68 beats per minute and a maximum heart rate of 195 beats per minute. Calculate the student's heart rate reserve.

Accepted Answer

The student's heart rate reserve is 127 beats per minute because 195 minus 68 equals 127.

Question 5

Using the student's heart rate reserve of 127 beats per minute and resting heart rate of 68 beats per minute, calculate the target heart rate at 70 percent intensity using the Karvonen formula.

Accepted Answer

The target heart rate is about 157 beats per minute. Using the Karvonen formula, 127 times 0.70 equals 88.9, and 88.9 plus 68 equals 156.9.

Question 6

Look at a squat movement. Identify two major joints involved and describe the main movement at each joint during the lowering phase.

Accepted Answer

During the lowering phase of a squat, the knees flex as they bend and the hips flex as the thighs move closer to the torso. The ankles also dorsiflex as the knees move forward over the feet.

Question 7

A volleyball player jumps to block a shot. Explain how force production and the stretch-shortening cycle help improve jump height.

Accepted Answer

Force production helps the athlete push strongly against the ground. The stretch-shortening cycle helps because a quick dip before jumping stretches the muscles and tendons, allowing them to recoil and produce a more powerful upward movement.

Question 8

Define muscular endurance and give one sport-specific example of why it matters.

Accepted Answer

Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions over time. It matters in rowing because the arms, back, and legs must keep producing force repeatedly throughout a race.

Question 9

A soccer player wants to improve acceleration over the first 10 meters. Name two training methods that could help and explain why they are useful.

Accepted Answer

Sprint starts can help because they practice explosive first steps. Strength training for the legs can also help because stronger muscles can apply more force to the ground during acceleration.

Question 10

Explain the difference between reaction time and movement time using an example from a sport.

Accepted Answer

Reaction time is the time it takes to respond to a signal, such as a tennis player recognizing where a serve is going. Movement time is the time it takes to complete the physical action, such as moving the racket to hit the ball.

Question 11

A runner's stride becomes shorter and less controlled near the end of a race. Explain how fatigue can affect biomechanics and performance.

Accepted Answer

Fatigue can reduce muscle force, coordination, and balance. This may cause shorter strides, less efficient running form, slower speed, and a greater risk of injury.

Question 12

Describe how the respiratory system and circulatory system work together during intense exercise.

Accepted Answer

During intense exercise, the respiratory system brings more oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide. The circulatory system pumps oxygen-rich blood to working muscles and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away.

Question 13

A coach schedules hard sprint workouts every day for two weeks with no rest days. Explain why this plan may reduce performance instead of improving it.

Accepted Answer

This plan may reduce performance because the body needs recovery time to repair tissues, restore energy stores, and adapt to training. Without enough recovery, the athlete may become overly fatigued and increase the risk of injury.

Question 14

Explain the principle of specificity and give an example for a swimmer training for a 100-meter freestyle race.

Accepted Answer

The principle of specificity means training should match the movements, energy demands, and skills of the sport or event. A swimmer training for a 100-meter freestyle should practice fast freestyle intervals, starts, turns, and race-paced efforts.

Question 15

An athlete drinks little water during a hot practice and begins to feel dizzy and weak. Explain how dehydration can affect body performance and safety.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration can reduce blood volume, increase heart strain, impair temperature regulation, and decrease muscle performance. It can also raise the risk of heat illness, so the athlete should stop, cool down, and rehydrate safely.

Physical Education: Sports Science: How the Body Performs

Related Cheat Sheets

More Physical Education Worksheets

More Grade 9-12 Worksheets