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Earth Science Grade 4-5

Science: Rocks Minerals and the Rock Cycle

Identifying minerals, rock types, and how rocks change over time

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Identifying minerals, rock types, and how rocks change over time

Earth Science - Grade 4-5

Instructions: Read each problem carefully. Answer in complete sentences and show your thinking when needed.
  1. 1
    A mineral specimen with geometric crystal shapes.

    What is a mineral? Give two traits that all minerals have.

  2. 2
    A crystal mineral beside a rough mixed-grain rock.

    How is a rock different from a mineral?

  3. 3
    Three rock samples showing igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic features.

    Name the three main types of rocks.

  4. 4
    Molten rock cooling and hardening into solid igneous rock.

    A rock forms when melted rock cools and hardens. What type of rock is it?

  5. 5
    Layers of sand, mud, pebbles, and shells pressed into sedimentary rock.

    A rock is made from layers of sand, mud, and tiny pieces of shell pressed together over time. What type of rock is it?

  6. 6
    Rock underground changed by heat and pressure into wavy metamorphic rock.

    A rock changes because of heat and pressure deep underground, but it does not melt. What type of rock does it become?

  7. 7
    Magma shown as melted rock in an underground chamber beneath a volcano.

    What is magma, and where is it usually found?

  8. 8
    Melted rock underground and lava flowing above the surface from a volcano.

    What is lava, and how is it different from magma?

  9. 9
    Weathering breaks a cracked rock into smaller pieces.

    Explain how weathering helps start changes in the rock cycle.

  10. 10
    A stream carrying rock particles and sediment away.

    What does erosion do to rock particles and sediment?

  11. 11
    Sedimentary rock with visible horizontal layers.

    Why do some sedimentary rocks show layers?

  12. 12
    Igneous rock breaking into sediment and becoming layered sedimentary rock.

    How can an igneous rock become a sedimentary rock?

  13. 13
    Sedimentary rock buried with heat and pressure becoming metamorphic rock.

    How can a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?

  14. 14
    Rock cycle diagram with multiple branching paths between rock types.

    A student says the rock cycle always follows one path in the same order. Is that correct? Explain.

  15. 15
    Circular diagram showing rocks changing through the rock cycle.

    Why is the rock cycle called a cycle?

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