Physics Topic

Projectile Motion

Study how objects travel through the air under gravity. Horizontal velocity stays constant while vertical velocity changes, producing a curved parabolic path.

Learning Path

1 Study

Projectile Motion Poster

Visual overview of trajectory equations, launch angles, and key formulas including range, max height, and time of flight.

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2 Calculate

Projectile Motion Calculator

Enter initial velocity, launch angle, and height. Drag the time slider to step through the flight path and see position and velocity at any moment.

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3 Experiment

Gravity and Orbits Lab

Set central mass, semi-major axis, and eccentricity to animate elliptical orbits and explore how gravity governs all projectile and orbital motion.

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4 Reference

Key Formulas

  • Range: R = v₀² sin(2θ) / g
  • Max height: H = (v₀ sinθ)² / 2g
  • Time of flight: T = 2v₀ sinθ / g
  • Horizontal: x = v₀ cosθ · t
  • Vertical: y = v₀ sinθ · t - ½gt²

Go Deeper

Advanced Angle Comparisons

Compare how different launch angles affect range, height, and flight time. Covers the 45-degree optimum and why complementary angles produce the same range.

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Projectile with Air Resistance

Compare ideal vs real trajectories side by side. RK4 numerical integration computes drag trajectories for baseball, golf ball, cannonball, and more.

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