Physics Tools

Calculate trajectory, range, max height, and time of flight for projectile motion. Visualize the parabolic path with an interactive time slider and velocity vectors.

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, and power with Ohm's law. Build series and parallel resistor networks with step-by-step equivalent resistance.

Visualize image formation with interactive ray diagrams for lenses and mirrors.

Solve constant-acceleration problems with step-by-step solutions and motion graphs.

Visualize transverse waves, superposition, interference, and standing waves.

Visualize two-source interference patterns, thin-film colors, and beats with animated canvas and path-difference analysis.

Explore Newton's second law with interactive free-body diagrams on surfaces, inclines, and more.

Simulate elastic, inelastic, and partially inelastic 1D collisions with energy analysis.

Visualize refraction, total internal reflection, and critical angles with an interactive ray diagram.

Track kinetic, potential, and spring energy as an object moves along ramps, roller coasters, and spring systems.

Animate mass-spring and pendulum systems with damping modes, displacement graphs, and phase portraits.

Calculate gravitational force, field strength, orbital velocity, and escape velocity with an SVG force diagram and step-by-step math.

Solve Q=mcΔT for any variable or find the equilibrium temperature when mixing two substances. Step-by-step thermal energy math.

Visualize exponential decay with an SVG curve and atom grid. Compute remaining quantity, decay constant, and activity for common isotopes.

Compute Lorentz factor, time dilation, and length contraction at relativistic speeds. Includes twin paradox scenario and γ vs v/c curve.

Calculate perceived frequency shift with SVG wavefront visualization. Handles approaching and receding sources with Mach number detection.

Place positive and negative charges on a canvas. See electric field arrows, field lines, and potential color maps update in real time.

Calculate force on a current-carrying wire or moving charge in a magnetic field. SVG diagram with right-hand rule visualization.

Shine light on metals and observe electron emission. Adjust frequency and intensity to discover Einstein's photoelectric equation.

Calculate torque, moment of inertia for common shapes, angular acceleration, and rotational kinetic energy with an SVG force diagram.

Four-mode rotational mechanics tool covering moment of inertia (10 shapes), angular momentum and dynamics, rolling without slipping on inclines, and rotational equilibrium with SVG visualizations.

Apply Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation to solve for pressure, velocity, or height at two points in a fluid flow with pipe visualization.

Calculate electrostatic force with Coulomb's law, parallel plate capacitance, and series/parallel capacitor combinations with SVG diagrams and step-by-step math.

Convert between frequency, wavelength, and energy. Interactive EM spectrum bar from radio to gamma rays with Wien's displacement law for blackbody radiation.

Calculate mechanical advantage, effort force, and efficiency for fixed, movable, compound, and multiple pulley systems. SVG diagrams show rope paths and force arrows.

Configure upper and lower pulley blocks with 1-4 sheaves, toggle rope anchor, and see how compound friction affects a real block and tackle. Dynamic SVG rope threading diagram.

Calculate speed ratios, torque, belt tension, belt length, and power for belt-driven systems. Animated SVG shows two pulleys connected by a belt rotating at correct relative speeds.

Calculate gear ratios, output speed, and torque for simple gear pairs, compound gear trains (up to 4 pairs), and planetary epicyclic systems. Animated SVG shows meshing gear teeth rotating at correct relative speeds.

Visualize a particle's wave function tunneling through a potential barrier. Adjust energy, barrier height, and width to see transmission and reflection coefficients with exact formulas and animated waves.

Visualize hydrogen electron orbitals with a 2D probability density heatmap. Select quantum numbers (n, l, m) to see orbital shapes, radial probability plots, energy levels, and node structure.

Calculate orbital parameters with Kepler's laws, escape velocities for any solar system body, and Hohmann transfer orbits. SVG orbit diagrams, step-by-step formulas, and planetary data.

Analyze transient and AC steady-state behavior of RC, RL, and RLC circuits. Visualize voltage and current vs time, impedance resonance curves, damping classification, and step-by-step formulas.

Compare ideal (no drag) vs real (with drag) projectile trajectories side by side. RK4 numerical integration computes the drag trajectory. Calculates terminal velocity, range reduction, and time of flight difference for presets including baseball, golf ball, cannonball, tennis ball, feather, and skydiver.

Analyze forced oscillations with viscous damping. Plot the resonance curve (amplitude vs driving frequency), time-domain transient response, and steady-state amplitude. Adjust mass, stiffness, damping, force amplitude, and driving frequency. Classifies underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped regimes. Presets for car suspension, earthquake damper, and high-Q resonance.

Four modes: pressure basics (P = F/A) with unit conversions, hydrostatic pressure at depth (P = P₀ + ρgh), Pascal's law hydraulics with mechanical advantage, and atmospheric pressure vs altitude. SVG hydraulic press diagram, depth gradient, and altitude bar. Presets for deep ocean, hydraulic car lift, blood pressure, tire pressure, and scuba diving.

Explore Gauss's Law with five charge distributions: point charge, infinite line, infinite plane, uniformly charged sphere, and uniformly charged cylinder. SVG cross-section visualization, E(r) graph, step-by-step KaTeX derivation, and presets for inside/outside Gaussian surfaces.

Visualize magnetic fields from straight wires, current loops, solenoids, and parallel wires. Calculate B-field magnitude at a probe point, see 2D field line patterns, right-hand rule reminders, and step-by-step Biot-Savart and Ampere's Law derivations.

Sort 16 common materials by properties like hard/soft, transparent/opaque, and conductor/insulator. Venn diagram mode for two-property sorting. Best-use challenges

Watch particles change behavior as temperature changes. See solids melt to liquids and boil to gases with animated particles, heating curves, and property comparisons

Push objects across different surfaces to see how force and friction affect motion. Compare ice, wood, grass, carpet. Explore balanced and unbalanced forces

Explore levers, ramps, pulleys, and wheel-and-axle with interactive simulations. Adjust parameters to see how simple machines reduce effort. Pick-the-best-machine challenges

Explore sound waves with frequency and amplitude sliders, create shadows with different materials, see light reflection angles, and mix RGB colors

Build circuits with batteries, bulbs, switches, and wires. Test materials as conductors or insulators. Compare series and parallel circuits with brightness and removal tests

Design and test bridges, boats, towers, and parachutes with the engineering design process. Adjust materials and shapes, compare designs, and improve your score

Drag bar magnets to see attraction and repulsion. Test everyday objects for magnetism and solve design challenges with magnets.

See how energy moves from one object to another. Explore heat, sound, and light energy transfers, then run collision experiments to see how speed and mass affect motion.

Build energy conversion chains from solar panels to speakers. Discover how energy transforms from one form to another without ever disappearing. Grades 3-5.

Classify materials as transparent, translucent, or opaque and predict shadow strength. See how clear glass, frosted glass, wood, and more interact with light. Grades K-1.

Design flashlight, drum, and cup-phone devices that send messages using light, sound, and vibration. Build signal patterns and see what the receiver decodes. Grades K-1.

Compare how fast light, fiber optic signals, sound, jets, and people travel between any two cities. Light circles Earth 7.5 times per second.

Calculate your actual speed through the universe from Earth's rotation, orbital motion around the Sun, and our solar system's journey through the Milky Way.

Launch a rocket from Earth and watch whether it orbits, escapes into space, or crashes back. Adjust velocity and angle to explore orbital mechanics across different planets.

Discover how high and far you could jump on every planet, moon, and dwarf planet. Compare jump height, hang time, long jump distance, and your weight across 14 solar system bodies.

Choose a beam, arch, or suspension bridge template, add truss reinforcement, apply a test load, and see color-coded stress visualization with pass or fail result. Compare max load capacity across all configurations.

Calculate mechanical advantage, efficiency, and output force for all six classic simple machines. Adjust friction to compare ideal (IMA) vs actual (AMA) performance. Covers lever, inclined plane, pulley, wheel-axle, wedge, and screw.

Move a frequency slider from 20 to 2000 Hz and hear the tone play through Web Audio. Animated waveform shows how frequency and amplitude relate to pitch and loudness, with pitch zone labels and real-world examples.

Toggle red, green, and blue spotlights to mix additive light and see how colors combine. Switch to paint mode for subtractive mixing. Overlap zones update in real time showing the resulting color name.

Change tooth counts on two meshing gears and instantly see RPM ratio, output torque, and mechanical advantage. Animated gears spin to show the speed and direction trade-off. Presets from 1:1 to 3:1.

Pick a latitude, day of year, tilt, and azimuth to see daily energy output on your solar panel. An hourly irradiance curve and optimal tilt hint help find the best angle for any location.

Aim a laser pointer to hit a target by placing plane mirrors at 45° angles. Five puzzle levels with increasing complexity. Ray tracing computes exact reflection paths using angle of incidence equals angle of reflection. Displays incidence and reflection angles for each mirror, beam length, and a success/fail result when the beam reaches or misses the target.

Drag weights onto a seesaw to explore how torque and lever balance work. Supports Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 levers with adjustable fulcrum position. Displays net torque, mechanical advantage, and the balance equation F1d1 = F2d2 using KaTeX. A tilt animation shows the seesaw angle based on net torque, and the balancing force required to achieve equilibrium is calculated live.

Vary angle of attack, airspeed, wing area, air density, camber, and thickness to see lift force, drag force, and lift coefficient curves. NACA 4-digit airfoil renders with airflow streamlines, lift and drag vectors, and a stall warning when angle of attack exceeds the stall angle. Three plots show the C_L vs alpha curve, L/D ratio, and drag polar. Altitude presets for sea level, 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km.

Multi-stage rocket simulator using the Tsiolkovsky equation. Configure 1-3 stages with dry mass, propellant mass, ISP, and TWR; pick payload mass; observe per-stage and total delta-v plus altitude trajectory. Real-rocket presets include Falcon 9, Saturn V, Space Shuttle, and an educational rocket. Compares total delta-v to LEO, lunar transfer, and escape velocity targets.