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Cellular Respiration Lab

Investigate how cells extract energy from organic molecules. Measure CO₂ production and O₂ consumption under different conditions, compare aerobic and anaerobic pathways, and calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ) for different substrates.

Guided Experiment: Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration

How will CO₂ production and O₂ consumption differ when oxygen is available versus when it is absent? What happens to ATP yield?

Write your hypothesis in the Lab Report panel, then click Next.

Controls

Temperature37°C
Oxygen Available
Measurement Noise2%

Results

RQ=CO2  producedO2  consumed=1.00\mathrm{RQ} = \frac{\mathrm{CO_2 \; produced}}{\mathrm{O_2 \; consumed}} = 1.00
CO₂ Production
1.000 μmol/min
O₂ Consumption
1.000 μmol/min
Respiratory Quotient
1.00
ATP Yield
36 ATP
Active Pathway
Aerobic (glycolysis + Krebs + ETC)

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Comparison

Data Table

(0 rows)
#TrialConditionSubstrateTemperature(°C)CO₂ Rate(μmol/min)O₂ Rate(μmol/min)RQATP Yield
0 / 500
0 / 500
0 / 500

Reference Guide

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose (or other substrates) in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂, H₂O, and ATP.

C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O+36-38  ATP\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36\text{-}38 \; ATP}

The process involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. It is the most efficient pathway, yielding up to 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.

Anaerobic Pathways

Without oxygen, cells resort to fermentation, which yields far less ATP.

C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2+2  ATP\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2 + 2 \; ATP}

Ethanol fermentation (yeast) produces CO₂ and ethanol. Lactic acid fermentation (muscle cells) produces lactate with no CO₂. Only 2 ATP per glucose is generated through glycolysis alone.

Respiratory Quotient

The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of CO₂ produced to O₂ consumed. It reveals which substrate is being metabolized.

RQ=CO2  producedO2  consumed\mathrm{RQ} = \frac{\mathrm{CO_2 \; produced}}{\mathrm{O_2 \; consumed}}

Glucose has RQ = 1.0 (equal CO₂ and O₂). Fat has RQ ≈ 0.7 (more O₂ needed per CO₂). Protein has RQ ≈ 0.8. A mixed diet typically gives RQ ≈ 0.85.

Temperature and Metabolism

Cellular respiration is enzyme-catalyzed, so its rate depends strongly on temperature.

Q10=Rate at (T+10)Rate at T2Q_{10} = \frac{\text{Rate at } (T+10)}{\text{Rate at } T} \approx 2

The Q₁₀ rule states that reaction rates roughly double per 10°C rise. However, above the optimal temperature (about 37°C for mammals), enzymes denature and rates plummet. This creates a characteristic bell-shaped curve for respiration rate vs temperature.