Free Labs

Virtual Science Labs

Guided lab experiments with step-by-step workflows, animated simulations, and real data collection. All free, all in your browser.

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Showing 144 labs

Chemistry

Gas Laws Lab

Explore Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's gas laws with animated particles. Adjust pressure, volume, temperature, and moles to discover relationships experimentally

Chemical Kinetics Lab

Simulate reaction rates with the Arrhenius equation. Adjust concentration, temperature, and catalysts to observe how particle collision frequency and rate constants change

Diffusion & Osmosis Lab

Watch particles move across a semipermeable membrane. Adjust concentrations on each side and observe diffusion, osmosis, and equilibrium with Fick's law calculations

Titration Lab

Simulate acid-base titration with a virtual burette. Watch pH curves develop in real time, find equivalence points, and compare strong and weak acid behavior with indicator color changes

Calorimetry Lab

Mix substances at different temperatures and observe heat exchange over time. Calculate specific heat, compare coffee cup and bomb calorimeters, and model heat loss

Serial Dilution & Standard Curve Lab

Perform multi-step serial dilutions, measure absorbance with Beer-Lambert law, build a standard curve with linear regression, and determine unknown concentrations

Spectroscopy Lab

Shine light through solutions and observe absorption spectra. Explore Beer-Lambert law by adjusting concentration and path length to see how absorbance and transmittance change

Atomic Emission Lab

Select elements and observe their emission line spectra. Explore the Rydberg equation, Bohr model energy levels, and flame test colors for hydrogen and other elements

Chromatography Lab

Simulate paper chromatography with animated solvent front and spot separation. Calculate Rf values, compare polarities, and identify unknown compounds by matching standards

Electrochemistry Lab

Build galvanic and electrolytic cells by selecting anode and cathode metals. Calculate cell potential with the Nernst equation and explore Gibbs free energy relationships

Stoichiometry Lab

Identify limiting reagents, calculate theoretical and percent yield, and trace dimensional analysis step by step with visual mole bar charts

Equilibrium Lab

Explore chemical equilibrium with Le Chatelier's principle. Adjust concentrations and temperature to watch Q approach Keq with animated particle shifts and ICE tables

Reaction Types Lab

Classify reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion. Watch animated molecular rearrangements and verify atom conservation

Thermochemistry Lab

Build enthalpy diagrams, apply Hess's law across multiple reaction paths, and calculate enthalpy changes from bond energies with interactive energy level visualizations

Buffer & Acid-Base Equilibrium Lab

Explore buffer chemistry with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Select buffer systems, adjust acid and base concentrations, add strong acid or base, and compare buffered versus unbuffered pH response

Phase Changes & Phase Diagram Lab

Explore phase transitions with interactive heating curves and P-T phase diagrams. Watch temperature plateaus during melting and boiling, identify triple and critical points, and investigate colligative effects

Solubility & Ksp Lab

Explore solubility equilibrium with sparingly soluble salts. Calculate molar solubility from Ksp, observe the common ion effect, and predict precipitation by comparing ion product Q to Ksp

Physics

Thermodynamics Lab

Build PV diagrams with isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric processes. Calculate work as area under the curve and explore Carnot cycle efficiency

Brownian Motion Lab

Track a particle's random walk caused by molecular collisions. Measure mean squared displacement and verify the Einstein relation connecting diffusion to temperature

Heat Transfer Lab

Visualize conduction, convection, and radiation with a temperature heatmap. Compare materials with different thermal conductivities using Fourier's law

Pendulum Lab

Measure pendulum period at different lengths to derive gravitational acceleration. Plot T² vs L, compare small and large angle behavior, and explore planetary gravity presets

Hooke's Law Lab

Hang masses on a spring, measure extension, and find the spring constant from the slope of F vs x. Calculate elastic potential energy and explore spring stiffness

Atwood Machine Lab

Two masses on a pulley system. Adjust mass ratio, observe acceleration, and verify Newton's second law. Compare theoretical and measured values with optional friction

Buoyancy Lab

Drop objects into fluid and observe floating or sinking based on density. Calculate buoyant force, apparent weight, and fraction submerged using Archimedes' principle

Standing Waves Lab

Visualize standing wave patterns on strings and in pipes. Adjust tension, length, and harmonic number to explore nodes, antinodes, and resonance frequencies

Diffraction & Slits Lab

Explore single slit, double slit, and diffraction grating patterns. Adjust wavelength and slit dimensions to see real-time intensity patterns with fringe calculations

Blackbody Radiation Lab

Adjust temperature to see Planck spectral curves shift. Explore Wien's displacement law, Stefan-Boltzmann power scaling, and the ultraviolet catastrophe comparison

Quantum Tunneling Lab

Explore quantum tunneling through potential barriers. Calculate transmission coefficients, visualize wave function probability density, and investigate how energy, barrier height, and width affect tunneling probability

Circuit Builder Lab

Explore series, parallel, and combination circuits with adjustable resistor values. Verify Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's laws with animated current flow and real-time calculations

Electromagnetic Induction Lab

Move magnets through coils, build AC generators, and explore transformers. Visualize Faraday's law with real-time EMF graphs and Lenz's law current direction

Friction & Inclined Plane Lab

Find static and kinetic friction coefficients by adjusting the ramp angle. Watch real-time free body diagrams update and discover the critical sliding angle experimentally

Momentum & Impulse Lab

Apply variable forces over time and see real-time force-time curves. Calculate impulse as area under the curve, compare to momentum change, and explore crumple zone physics

Geometric Optics Lab

Build ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses and mirrors. Verify the thin lens equation, measure image distance and magnification, and classify images as real or virtual

Electrostatics & Equipotential Mapping Lab

Place point charges, probe electric potential and field at any location, and visualize equipotential contour lines and field arrows. Verify E = -dV/dr for dipole, quadrupole, and parallel plate configurations

Damped & Driven Oscillation Lab

Explore underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped motion with animated mass-spring-damper. Switch to driven mode to sweep driving frequency, find resonance peaks, measure Q factor and phase lag

RC/RL Transients Lab

Explore capacitor charging/discharging and inductor energizing/de-energizing with oscilloscope-style plots. Measure time constants, verify exponential models, and use semilog analysis to extract experimental values of τ

Gravity & Orbits Lab

Set central mass, semi-major axis, and eccentricity to animate elliptical orbits. Verify Kepler's Third Law, measure orbital velocity with the vis-viva equation, and compare circular and highly eccentric trajectories

Simple Machines & Mechanical Advantage Lab

Explore six simple machines with mechanical advantage, efficiency, and friction. Calculate effort force, distance ratios, and work for levers, inclined planes, pulleys, and more

Gear Trains & Power Transmission Lab

Explore gear ratios, compound gear trains, and belt drives. Compute output RPM, torque, and power for single-pair, multi-stage, and belt drive configurations

Hydraulics & Pascal's Law Lab

Explore Pascal's law, hydraulic presses, and hydrostatic pressure. Calculate force multiplication, mechanical advantage, and pressure at depth with interactive diagrams

Rotational Equilibrium & Torque Lab

Explore torque, rotational equilibrium, and angular dynamics. Place forces on a beam, find net torque, check equilibrium, and compute angular acceleration from moment of inertia

Mechanism Design Explorer Lab

Explore four-bar linkages, crank-slider mechanisms, and cam-follower profiles. Compute degrees of freedom, Grashof classification, transmission angle, and trace coupler curves

Magnetic Fields & Lorentz Force Lab

Explore B-fields from wires, loops, and solenoids. Calculate the Lorentz force on charged particles, cyclotron radius and frequency, and force between parallel wires

Gauss's Law & Electric Flux Lab

Apply Gauss's law to point charges, line charges, infinite planes, spheres, and cylinders. Visualize Gaussian surfaces, plot E(r), and explore how enclosed charge determines flux

Fluid Dynamics & Bernoulli Lab

Solve Bernoulli's equation and the continuity equation for pipe flow. Explore Torricelli's theorem, Venturi effect, Reynolds number, and airplane wing lift

Special Relativity Lab

Explore Einstein's special relativity interactively. Visualize the Lorentz factor, time dilation, length contraction, relativistic energy-momentum, velocity addition, and the twin paradox

Atomic Orbitals Lab

Visualize hydrogen atom wave functions with a 2D probability density heatmap. Plot radial probability distributions, explore energy levels, and investigate quantum number relationships

Biology

Hardy-Weinberg & Natural Selection Lab

Simulate allele frequency changes across generations under selection, drift, mutation, and migration. Test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with chi-square analysis and explore how evolutionary forces reshape populations

Population Ecology & Demography Lab

Investigate population dynamics through exponential and logistic growth, Lotka-Volterra predator-prey cycles, and harvest sustainability analysis. Discover carrying capacity, inflection points, and maximum sustainable yield

Enzyme Activity Lab

Investigate enzyme activity by measuring reaction rates under different substrate concentrations, temperatures, and pH levels. Fit data to the Michaelis-Menten model, determine Km and Vmax experimentally, and explore competitive inhibition effects

Photosynthesis Lab

Investigate photosynthesis rates under different light intensities, CO2 concentrations, and temperatures. Discover limiting factors, find light compensation and saturation points, and measure net O2 production experimentally

Cellular Respiration Lab

Measure CO2 production and O2 consumption under different conditions. Compare aerobic vs anaerobic respiration, test temperature effects on metabolic rate, and calculate respiratory quotient for different substrates

Mitosis & Meiosis Lab

Count cells in different mitotic phases to calculate mitotic index. Estimate phase durations from proportions, compare cell cycle timing, and test phase distribution with chi-square analysis

Biodiversity & Habitat Fragmentation Lab

Investigate species diversity and habitat fragmentation. Calculate Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, explore island biogeography and species-area relationships, and test how fragmentation and corridors affect species richness

Signal Transduction Lab

Investigate how cells detect and amplify chemical signals. Measure receptor occupancy, cascade amplification, and dose-response curves. Collect data, estimate EC50, and explore the molecular logic of cell signaling

Molecular Evolution Lab

Compare hemoglobin DNA sequences across species. Measure percent identity, compute Jukes-Cantor distances, build phylogenetic trees, and study how mutations affect protein translation

Plant Water Transport Lab

Investigate how leaf area, stomatal density, temperature, humidity, and light affect transpiration. Collect data from a virtual potometer and explore the cohesion-tension mechanism of water transport

Gene Regulation Lab

Build truth tables for the lac operon under different inducer and glucose conditions. Measure dose-response curves for gene expression and estimate the dissociation constant from half-maximal induction

Bacterial Transformation Lab

Simulate heat shock bacterial transformation. Adjust DNA concentration, heat shock duration, and recovery time to optimize colony growth on selective plates and calculate transformation efficiency

Gel Electrophoresis Lab

Run virtual restriction digests and gel electrophoresis. Adjust voltage, gel concentration, and run time to separate DNA fragments. Build standard curves and estimate unknown fragment sizes

Fruit Fly Behavior Lab

Investigate Drosophila behavior in choice chambers. Track fly positions over time under light, humidity, and chemical stimuli. Analyze preference with chi-square goodness-of-fit tests

Energy Dynamics & Food Web Lab

Explore energy flow through food webs with interactive trophic diagrams. Remove species to observe trophic cascades, track energy budgets, and verify the 10% transfer rule experimentally

Artificial Selection Lab

Simulate selective breeding over generations. Set a trait threshold, breed selected individuals, and verify the breeder's equation R = h²S with comparison mode for different heritabilities

Mendelian Genetics & Punnett Square Lab

Perform monohybrid, dihybrid, and sex-linked crosses with interactive Punnett squares. Explore complete, incomplete, and codominance patterns with genotypic and phenotypic ratios

DNA to Protein & Mutation Lab

Trace the central dogma from DNA to mRNA to protein. Explore reading frames, the codon table, and mutation types including silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift

Earth Science

Water Quality & Eutrophication Lab

Collect water quality measurements from simulated sampling sites, calculate a Water Quality Index, and investigate how nutrient loading leads to algal blooms and dissolved oxygen crashes

Greenhouse Effect & Climate Lab

Investigate Earth's energy budget and greenhouse effect. Adjust CO2 levels and albedo, measure temperature response, explore feedback loops, and compare emission scenarios from pre-industrial to RCP 8.5

Air Pollution Lab

Investigate how temperature inversions and wind speed affect air quality. Vary inversion height, emission rates, and wind to measure AQI, pollutant concentration, and mixing volume using a box model

Energy Tradeoffs Lab

Design electricity grid mixes and compare total CO₂ emissions, land use, and cost. Run decarbonization scenarios and explore the tradeoffs between nuclear, renewables, and fossil fuels

Groundwater Contamination Lab

Simulate contaminant plume spread through different soil types. Compare migration rates in sand, clay, and gravel, then test pump-and-treat remediation by placing extraction wells

Soil Conservation Lab

Measure how slope steepness and conservation practices affect erosion rates using the USLE. Progressively add cover crops, contour farming, terracing, and buffer strips to reduce soil loss

Earth History Lab

Calculate rock ages using radiometric dating with C-14, K-40, U-238, and Rb-87 isotope systems. Measure plate motion rates from magnetic reversal distances and predict future ocean widths

Nutrient Cycling Lab

Simulate nitrogen dynamics in agricultural soil with Euler-method ODE integration. Adjust fixation, nitrification, and denitrification rates, apply fertilizer pulses, and verify mass balance

Fertilizer Runoff & Eutrophication Lab

Model fertilizer runoff from farmland through buffer strips into a water body. Watch the eutrophication cascade from algal bloom to dissolved oxygen crash, and test buffer strip effectiveness

H-R Diagram & Stellar Classification Lab

Plot stars on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Compute luminosity via the Stefan-Boltzmann law, classify spectral types (OBAFGKM), and estimate stellar lifetimes

Spectroscopy, Redshift & Hubble Law Lab

Explore emission and absorption spectra for hydrogen, helium, sodium, and more. Calculate redshift, recession velocity, and distance using Hubble's law

Exoplanet Transit & Habitable Zone Lab

Detect exoplanets using the transit method. Compute transit depth, orbital period via Kepler's third law, habitable zone boundaries, and equilibrium temperature

Moon Phases, Eclipses & Seasons Lab

Explore moon phases through the synodic month, eclipse geometry with node alignment, and Earth's seasons driven by axial tilt and solar declination

Telescope Resolution & Light Gathering Lab

Compare telescope designs by angular resolution, light gathering power, magnification, and field of view. Explore the Rayleigh criterion and compare refractor vs reflector optics

Statistics

Sampling & Randomization Lab

Compare SRS, stratified, cluster, systematic, and convenience sampling on a population grid. Detect bias, build sampling distributions, and watch standard error decrease with sample size

Bootstrap & Confidence Interval Lab

Draw bootstrap resamples to build confidence intervals using percentile, normal, and BCa methods. Run coverage simulations to verify that 95% CIs capture the true parameter 95% of the time

Monte Carlo Simulation Lab

Estimate π with dart-throwing, solve the birthday and Monty Hall problems, drop Buffon's needle, and trace random walks. Watch convergence plots approach true values over thousands of trials

Experimental Design & A/B Testing Lab

Design experiments with random assignment and blocking. Run A/B tests, compute Welch's t-test and Cohen's d effect size, and explore how sample size affects statistical power

Regression & Residual Diagnostics Lab

Fit linear, quadratic, and exponential models then diagnose fit with residual plots, leverage, Cook's distance, and Q-Q plots. Explore Anscombe's Quartet to see why R² alone is not enough

Categorical Data & Chi-Square Lab

Build contingency tables and run chi-square goodness-of-fit and independence tests. Compute expected counts, degrees of freedom, and p-values. Visualize contributions with heatmaps and bar charts

Exploratory Data & Distribution Lab

Enter data and compute descriptive statistics including mean, median, quartiles, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Visualize with histograms, box plots, and dot plots. Compare two datasets side by side

Bayesian Inference Lab

Apply Bayes' theorem with interactive probability trees and natural frequency grids. Explore the base rate fallacy, sensitivity vs specificity, and sequential updating

ANOVA & Experimental Design Lab

Perform one-way ANOVA with editable group data. Compute F-statistic, p-value, and eta-squared effect size. Visualize with box plots and an F-distribution curve

Central Limit Theorem & Sampling Distributions Lab

Draw samples from uniform, skewed, bimodal, and exponential populations. Watch the sampling distribution of means converge to normal as sample size increases

Computer Science

Cybersecurity Lab

Crack ciphers by brute force, measure password entropy, and explore the avalanche effect in hash functions. Collect data on how key length affects encryption security

Network Reliability & Fault Tolerance Lab

Test network redundancy by disabling nodes and links. Measure packet delivery rates, latency, and independent paths across star, ring, mesh, and tree topologies

Searching & Sorting Performance Lab

Compare linear search, binary search, selection sort, insertion sort, and merge sort side by side. Animate comparisons and swaps step by step, collect performance data across array sizes, and verify O(n), O(n log n), and O(n²) complexity

Selection & Iteration Code Tracing Lab

Step through Java code line by line with variable trace tables. Practice if/else selection, for loops, while loops, nested loops, and AP CSA-style code tracing with predict mode

Graph Theory & Networks Lab

Build graphs interactively, run BFS and DFS traversals, find shortest paths with Dijkstra, and compute minimum spanning trees with Kruskal. Analyze connectivity and Euler paths

Automata & Formal Languages Lab

Build regex patterns and test them against strings. Create finite state machines and step through transitions. Compare regex and DFA representations of the same language

Compression & Information Theory Lab

Encode text with Run-Length Encoding and Huffman coding. Build Huffman trees and compare compression ratios. Calculate Shannon entropy as the theoretical compression limit

Java Strings Lab

Explore Java String methods like substring, indexOf, compareTo, and charAt with a character-index grid. Trace through string algorithms including reverse, palindrome check, and Caesar cipher

Arrays & ArrayList Lab

Visualize array and ArrayList operations step by step. Trace through linear search, binary search, selection sort, insertion sort, and 2D array traversals with highlighted elements

OOP & Class Design Lab

Build Java classes with fields, constructors, and methods. Generate UML diagrams, trace object state through method calls, and explore encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

Selection & Iteration Lab

Trace through if/else, for, while, and nested loops step by step. Evaluate Boolean expressions with short-circuit logic. Explore common patterns like accumulator, FizzBuzz, and multiplication tables

Boolean Algebra & Logic Gates Lab

Build and evaluate Boolean expressions, generate truth tables, simplify with Quine-McCluskey, and visualize logic gate circuits. Explore De Morgan's theorem and SOP/POS forms

Recursion & Data Structures Lab

Visualize recursive call stacks for factorial, fibonacci, merge sort, binary search, and tower of hanoi. Trace variable states and return values through each stack frame

Regex & Pattern Matching Lab

Build and test regular expressions with real-time match highlighting. Explore character classes, quantifiers, groups, and lookaheads with a plain-English pattern explainer

Number Systems & Data Representation Lab

Convert between binary, octal, decimal, and hex with step-by-step breakdowns. Explore two's complement signed integers, bitwise operations, and IEEE 754 floating-point representation

Big-O & Algorithm Analysis Lab

Compare growth rates of complexity classes from O(1) to O(n!), analyze algorithm performance with best/average/worst case breakdowns, and apply the Master Theorem to divide-and-conquer recurrences

Pathfinding & Heuristic Search Lab

Compare BFS, DFS, Dijkstra, and A* on interactive grids. Explore how heuristic choice affects search efficiency, generate mazes with different algorithms, and record path metrics

Data Structures & Tree Traversal Lab

Explore stacks, queues, linked lists, and binary search trees with visual operations. Perform and compare inorder, preorder, postorder, and level-order traversals. Benchmark structure performance

Debugging & Unit Testing Lab

Hunt bugs in code snippets, design test cases to catch defects, and classify error types. Track accuracy across difficulty levels and learn systematic debugging strategies

Math

Matrix, Vector & Transformations Lab

Explore matrix operations, 2D linear transformations, and vector algebra with step-by-step solutions and real-time visualizations. Compute determinants, inverses, eigenvalues, projections, and more

Polynomial & Rational Functions Lab

Analyze polynomial roots, end behavior, and turning points. Explore rational functions with vertical/horizontal/oblique asymptotes and holes using interactive JSXGraph plots

Exponential & Logarithmic Modeling Lab

Model growth and decay with exponential functions. Compute half-life and doubling time, explore logarithmic inverses, and fit exponential and logarithmic models to data with R² comparison

Trigonometric & Polar Functions Lab

Explore sinusoidal parameters (amplitude, period, phase, shift), inverse trig functions with domain restrictions, and polar curve classification including cardioids, roses, limaçons, and spirals

Fraction Operations & Equivalents Lab

Explore fraction arithmetic with visual fraction bars. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and mixed numbers step by step. Find equivalent fractions and simplify to lowest terms

Ratio, Proportion & Percent Lab

Visualize ratios with bar models, solve proportions using cross-multiplication, and calculate percent change. Discover the asymmetry of percent increase and decrease

Integer Operations & Absolute Value Lab

Visualize integer addition and subtraction on a number line with directional arrows. Discover sign rules for multiplication and division. Explore absolute value as distance from zero

Equation Balance & Intro Algebra Lab

Solve linear equations with a visual balance scale. Apply inverse operations step by step, handle variables on both sides, and verify solutions by substitution

Place Value, Decimals & Scientific Notation Lab

Decompose numbers into place values with a color-coded chart. Convert between decimals, fractions, and percents. Express very large and small numbers in scientific notation

Probability & Combinatorics Lab

Explore probability rules with interactive Venn diagrams. Compute permutations and combinations with step-by-step formulas. Discover patterns in Pascal's triangle

Vector Spaces & Linear Independence Lab

Visualize span and linear independence in 2D. Row-reduce matrices to RREF step by step. Compute null space, column space, rank, and nullity. Verify the rank-nullity theorem

Quadratic Functions & Parabolas Lab

Explore standard, vertex, and intercept forms of quadratic functions. Find the vertex, axis of symmetry, roots, and discriminant. Complete the square and compare all three forms with an interactive parabola graph

Systems of Equations Lab

Solve 2×2 and 3×3 systems of linear equations using elimination, substitution, and Cramer's rule. Classify systems as consistent, inconsistent, or dependent and visualize intersecting lines

Function Transformations Lab

Explore how a, b, h, and k transform parent functions. Shift, stretch, reflect, and find inverses for linear, quadratic, absolute value, square root, cubic, and reciprocal functions

Exponents & Radicals Lab

Explore exponent rules including product, quotient, power, zero, negative, and rational exponents. See step-by-step simplification and radical-exponent equivalence with growth visualizations

Calculus

Accumulation, Area & Volume Lab

Visualize Riemann sums converging to definite integrals. Compute area between curves and volumes of revolution using disk, washer, and shell methods with interactive cross-section views

Optimization & Related Rates Lab

Solve optimization problems with interactive diagrams showing the objective function and critical points. Explore related rates with animated geometry and chain rule applications

Differential Equations Modeling Lab

Draw slope fields and solution curves, step through Euler's method with error analysis, and model exponential growth, logistic growth, cooling, predator-prey, and mixing problems

Series & Taylor Approximation Lab

Apply convergence tests (ratio, root, p-series, alternating, comparison, integral), build Taylor polynomials with animated degree progression, and find intervals of convergence for power series

Limits & Continuity Lab

Explore the formal epsilon-delta definition of limits, apply the squeeze theorem, and classify removable, jump, and infinite discontinuities by testing continuity conditions

Derivatives & Tangent Lines Lab

Visualize derivatives as slopes of tangent lines, animate secant lines approaching tangents as h approaches 0, explore derivative rules step by step, and compute slopes on implicit curves

FTC & Net Change Lab

Explore the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus by building accumulation functions, evaluating definite integrals with antiderivatives, and computing displacement versus total distance from velocity functions

Parametric, Polar & Vector Lab

Trace parametric curves with velocity vectors, compute polar areas and arc lengths, and analyze vector-valued motion with speed, curvature, and tangential-normal acceleration decomposition